Jean-Marie Domenach, co-founder of the Committee of Intellectuals for a Europe of Freedoms (CIEL), explains its creation: "We realized that we had to defend culture ... Europe will only exist when, in Prague as in Paris, one can write and think freely. But our manifesto is not at all directed against Marxism or against Eastern Europe. It is directed against a single force that attacks culture to make it the servant of the state bureaucracy or of consumption"
In Rome, the bishops met in colloquium. Archbishop Etchegaray of Marseilles told the assembled assembly: "The bishop of today notes that many Christians are unfortunately inclined to lean more towards questions than towards answers". Jean-Marie Domenach, the only civilian to attend the symposium, recalled his role: "To show that this Europe in which they live is in full cultural transformation, that mass culture settles there everywhere and that therefore they can no longer say things as they once did".
As a sign of solidarity with the students called today to pass the test of philosophy, a dozen philosophers met to pass the test in a café, rue du Bac in Paris.
Jean-Marie DOMENACH questions the quest for happiness in a society where consumerism is king: "We expect people to make this happiness for us ... Consumer society is defined by the artificial production of goods that people do not really want but are taught to want. '
The INA Galaxy 
